tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-494293712308040572024-01-18T18:28:26.399-03:00Student of Dr. CopperCopper prices are believed to be a leading indicator of economic health. We endeavour to verify this hypothesis through quantitative analysis thereby also focussing on the economies of Chile (principal producer) and China (principal consumer). We do believe in mean reversion although we acknowledge that imbalances can persist for very long times and that market structures can change permanently.Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.comBlogger60125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-1672602282067331042017-06-17T20:51:00.000-04:002017-06-20T11:36:55.321-04:00Furniture Links<b>Lampenwelt</b><br />
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Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-80679827290032798592015-04-25T12:39:00.000-03:002015-05-23T13:14:32.963-03:00Inheritance TaxThe Swiss will vote on June 14 whether to introduce a national inheritance tax of 20% of estates above CHF 2 million.<div>
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The <a href="http://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/abstimmungen/abstimmungen/erbschaftssteuer-initiative/knappe-mehrheit-gegen-erbschaftssteuer-initiative">text</a> foresees unspecified exemptions for entrepreneurs (which by some is interpreted as an exemption of CHF 50 million and/or a lower tax rate of 5%) and retroactive implementation.</div>
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Currently it is unlikely that the new law (actually change of constitution) will be approved by the population as <a href="http://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/abstimmungen/abstimmungen/erbschaftssteuer-initiative/knappe-mehrheit-gegen-erbschaftssteuer-initiative">polls</a> indicate a majority against the proposal.</div>
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In general I favour much lower tax loads as currently imposed almost anywhere, nevertheless in principle inheritance taxes are probably relatively fairer than other taxes. However, if I could vote in Switzerland I would be strongly against it, because of the following reasons:</div>
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- Retroactive implementation</div>
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- No offset with other taxes (say reduction of income and wealth taxes by the same amount)</div>
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- Unfairness (different treatment of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs)</div>
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- Rate induces evasion and optimization (5% is probably the rate where these effects starts to play)</div>
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Possibly also the high exemption rate is negative because it disenfranchises the richer members of society as they see only themselves contributing (and receiving very little in return).</div>
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If I were to design an inheritance tax for Switzerland I would support it with the following parameters</div>
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- 5% rate</div>
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- no or very low exemption (say 5x minimum state pension of CHF 14´100)</div>
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- no exceptions (for entrepreneurs or otherwise)</div>
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- everybody is taxed (also surviving spouses and charity)</div>
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- abolishment of wealth tax<br /></div>
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Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-17068765378497773832015-03-25T12:42:00.000-03:002015-04-12T12:44:49.655-03:00Political PreferencesIn a NY Times <a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/07/rand-paul-and-the-empty-box/?_r=0">blog post</a> ("Rand Paul and the Empty Box"), Paul Krugman recycles a version of the Nolan diagram and claims that the upper right right box in the diagram will hardly attract any voters.<br />
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This is diagram shown in Mr. Krugman´s post.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDuDyy_MkFZvgYYreMB-3mZZ289fS1Xpf81z-RUNYbw-v7SGWqFirz_kgzbcMUkklYnElYfLA0WYDfpv7YTaZ31YKEgKKld5-l5YBnk2m4t2rI8ZpmgeroxbJIdR2m1a4aw8qSO0bN6Q/s1600/040715krugman3-blog480.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDuDyy_MkFZvgYYreMB-3mZZ289fS1Xpf81z-RUNYbw-v7SGWqFirz_kgzbcMUkklYnElYfLA0WYDfpv7YTaZ31YKEgKKld5-l5YBnk2m4t2rI8ZpmgeroxbJIdR2m1a4aw8qSO0bN6Q/s1600/040715krugman3-blog480.png" height="186" width="400" /></a></div>
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Essentially this is a version of the Nolan diagram, which David Nolan suggested in 1970, here is a version, which turns the original graph by 45° (for ease of reference and comparison with the above), from <a href="http://www.lairdwilcox.com/news/nolanchart.html">here</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-FB5EsEtAelSDRXxe-YbkcuWki1IdkA7NSUEsXyfTymmbmGqEyXjvILMOfSISLR8hgeXwTx5EuWUvGMBNKVS2q_S3lRpRp3ax6BG5wSeZEOyH0XIe81xar-7EUD57ZR2LoOZJkqqu4g/s1600/nolan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-FB5EsEtAelSDRXxe-YbkcuWki1IdkA7NSUEsXyfTymmbmGqEyXjvILMOfSISLR8hgeXwTx5EuWUvGMBNKVS2q_S3lRpRp3ax6BG5wSeZEOyH0XIe81xar-7EUD57ZR2LoOZJkqqu4g/s1600/nolan.jpg" height="200" width="200" /></a></div>
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Here is another version, visualized with examples, also turned by 45° by myself from <a href="http://www.politisite.com/2014/06/20/the-political-compass-take-the-test-are-your-left-right-authoritarian-or-libertarian/">here</a>, which seems to confirm that even among politicians the upper right area is thinly populated..<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUbxhvuKSOMAgZsbq11Yj_phIJINjcawprESKwN5NZoU_EGi3LNDJI6UDcHeQhUUrXmYmpbdPJNiGi-DuWKQrbaNKdqSSX1TDeGbah1v7BbdGdhQHVIuEPSLGEzxOLy4Ew5wfrhsZx9w/s1600/PoliticalSpace.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUbxhvuKSOMAgZsbq11Yj_phIJINjcawprESKwN5NZoU_EGi3LNDJI6UDcHeQhUUrXmYmpbdPJNiGi-DuWKQrbaNKdqSSX1TDeGbah1v7BbdGdhQHVIuEPSLGEzxOLy4Ew5wfrhsZx9w/s1600/PoliticalSpace.png" height="395" width="400" /></a></div>
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Now I don´t have data for US voter preferences, but found the following for <a href="http://blog.tagesanzeiger.ch/datenblog/index.php/1791/wie-sich-die-svp-aus-dem-buergerblock-verabschiedet-hat">Swiss party preferences</a>. Interestingly here four out of the seven larger parties are in the upper right quadrant.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO60EcL-IsthYatlxwybcexr2V3ZZ3NrP7WsUnJ3_kkZ4dI1SYJTYAiB9K73zHK_re1P9YgNWDfxtt0ggoA8wXtvZS9r-xXcrZwAtM2zB5_C1QjsqkgiRKQfV0LxjTmZiqY7_jkKQQ6w/s1600/Positionierung-Partei-Kantonalsektionen-einst-und-heute-986x543.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO60EcL-IsthYatlxwybcexr2V3ZZ3NrP7WsUnJ3_kkZ4dI1SYJTYAiB9K73zHK_re1P9YgNWDfxtt0ggoA8wXtvZS9r-xXcrZwAtM2zB5_C1QjsqkgiRKQfV0LxjTmZiqY7_jkKQQ6w/s1600/Positionierung-Partei-Kantonalsektionen-einst-und-heute-986x543.png" height="393" width="400" /></a></div>
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Large dot: country average, single dot: individual canton<br />
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The parties in the various quadrants (major parties in bold including last voting shares:<br />
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<ul>
<li>Upper left box / "Liberals" in Mr. Krugman´s diagram: <b>Social Democrats</b> (SP, 20%), <b>Greens</b> (Grüne, 7%), Communists (Partei der Arbeit), Evangelical People´s Party (EVP); note: EVP is probably rightly classified as centrist party</li>
<li>Upper right box / "Liberterian" in Mr. Krugman´s diagram: <b>Green Liberals</b> (GLP, 7%), <b>Christian Democrats</b> (CVP, 11%), <b>Conservative Democrats</b> (BDP, 5%) and <b>Liberals</b> (FDP, 16%), note: both Green Liberals and Liberals are classical liberals</li>
<li>Lower right box / "Conservatives" in Mr. Krugman´s diagram: <b>Swiss Peoples Party</b> (SVP, 25%), Democratic Union (EDU), Ticino Leage (Lega)</li>
<li>Lower left box / "Hardhats" in Mr. Krugma´s diagram: Swiss Democats (Schweizer Demokraten), note: far right party not represented in national parlament</li>
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Given voter preferences, in Switzerland 27% of voters would fall in the upper left box, 39% in the upper right box and 25% in the lower right box (numbers don´t add to 100% as minor parties have been ignored) making it the strongest box.</div>
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Obviously Swiss voters preferences say nothing about US voters and Switzerland has historically had a long and successful tradition of classical liberalism. Nevertheless I would venture the guess that also in the US the upper right box is more populated than Mr. Krugman suggests.</div>
Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-83342748001840799222014-10-25T11:26:00.000-03:002015-01-02T11:34:43.256-03:00Comparison of Large Lotteries (Largest Jackpots)After <a href="http://www.doctorcopper.blogspot.com/2014/12/comparison-of-large-lotteries.html">comparing</a> the payout percentage of large lotteries taking into account taxes (if any), we would like to show the largest jackpots observed in these lotteries taking into account the following:<br />
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1) Cash payment (US lotteries are marketed using annuity values)<br />
2) Net of taxes (if any), highest personal tax rate of 35% assumed for US lotteries<br />
3) Conversion into USD (using year-end exchange rates obtained from <a href="http://www.oanda.com/">here</a>)<br />
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Accordingly the values are not comparable with those seen on other sites (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_jackpot_records">here</a> and <a href="http://www.playhugelottos.com/en/lottery-news/article/158/the-top-24-lottery-jackpot-wins-in-the-world-ever.html">here</a>).<br />
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 618px;">
<colgroup><col style="width: 58pt;" width="77"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 2304; mso-width-source: userset; width: 59pt;" width="79"></col>
<col span="6" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt; width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Max JP</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 59pt;" width="79"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">DE-6X</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EJ</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EM</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-MM</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-PB</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BR-MS</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AU-OZ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BRL</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AUD</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2012</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">19.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">27.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">190.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">471.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">384.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">244.8</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl97"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">112.0</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2013</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">27.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">46.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">187.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">347.6</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">370.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">224.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl97"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">70.0</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2014</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">26.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">61.2</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">190.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">230.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">242.2</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">263.3</span></td><td align="right" class="xl97"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">30.0</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Net of Tax</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">DE-6X</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EJ</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EM</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-MM</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-PB</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BR-MS</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AU-OZ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BRL</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AUD</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2012</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">19.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">27.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">190.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">306.2</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">250.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">244.8</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">112.0</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2013</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">27.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">46.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">187.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">225.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">241.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">224.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">70.0</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2014</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">26.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">61.2</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">190.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">150.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">157.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">263.3</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">30.0</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">in USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">DE-6X</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EJ</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EM</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-MM</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-PB</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BR-MS</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AU-OZ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2012</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">25.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">35.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">253.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl95"><span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">306.2</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">250.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">119.5</span></td><td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">112.0</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2013</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">37.3</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">63.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl95"><span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">258.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">225.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">241.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">95.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">62.1</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2014</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">32.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">74.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl95"><span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">230.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">150.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">157.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">98.0</span></td><td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">24.5</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div>
The largest lottery jackpot in 2012 was Mega Millions (USD 656 million annuity value gross of tax), but both in 2013 and 2014 EuroMillions had the highest jackpot of USD 258.7 million and USD 230.9 million respectively.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
For average jackpots, EuroMillions has the highest numbers for all three years.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 618px;">
<colgroup><col style="width: 58pt;" width="77"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 2304; mso-width-source: userset; width: 59pt;" width="79"></col>
<col span="6" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt; width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Avg JP</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 59pt;" width="79"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">DE-6X</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EJ</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EM</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-MM</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-PB</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BR-MS</span></td>
<td class="xl93" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AU-OZ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BRL</span></td>
<td class="xl93"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AUD</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2012</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">5.3</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">15.5</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">54.5</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">42.6</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">70.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">18.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl97"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">15.3</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2013</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">8.6</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">18.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">42.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">50.3</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">72.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">18.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl97"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">13.8</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2014</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">7.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">23.3</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">49.2</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">55.2</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">61.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl96"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">27.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl97"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">9.3</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Net of Tax</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">DE-6X</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EJ</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EM</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-MM</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-PB</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BR-MS</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AU-OZ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EUR</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BRL</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AUD</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2012</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">5.3</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">15.5</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">54.5</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">27.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">45.8</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">18.4</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">15.3</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2013</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">8.6</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">18.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">42.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">32.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">47.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">18.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">13.8</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2014</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">7.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">23.3</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">49.2</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">35.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">39.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">27.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">9.3</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
<td class="xl94"></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">in USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">DE-6X</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EJ</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">EU-EM</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-MM</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">US-PB</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BR-MS</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AU-OZ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
<td class="xl98"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USD</span></td>
</tr>
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<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">7.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">20.6</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl95"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">72.6</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">27.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">45.8</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">9.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">15.8</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2013</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">11.8</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">24.8</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl95"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">59.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">32.7</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">47.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">8.0</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">12.2</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl92" height="17" style="height: 12.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2014</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">9.3</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">28.3</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl95"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">59.8</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">35.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">39.9</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">10.1</span></td>
<td align="right" class="xl94"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">7.6</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-19150204782788997032014-10-10T12:10:00.000-03:002014-11-05T16:09:17.806-03:00Distribution of Federal Council Seats in SwitzerlandThere will be federal election in Switzerland in 2015 and one of the hot topics is already how the seven seats of the federal council will be distributed. According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_formula">Wikipedia</a><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of Switzerland and serves as the Swiss collective head of state. While the entire council is responsible for leading the federal administration of Switzerland, each Councillor heads one of the seven federal executive departments.</span></blockquote>
By informal agreement, the so called magic formula, the seats of the of the federal council are distributed between the four largest party as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_formula">follows</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">In Swiss politics, the magic formula is an arithmetic formula for dividing the seven executive seats of the Swiss Federal Council between the four ruling parties. The formula was first applied in 1959. It gave the Free Democratic Party (now FDP.The Liberals), the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Social Democratic Party each two seats, while the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (now the Swiss People's Party) received one seat.The formula is not an official law, but rather an agreement amongst the rather large coalition of four parties. </span></blockquote>
It has been suggested to modify the magic formula as follows:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Allocation of two seats each to the largest three parties and one seat to the fourth largest party</li>
<li>Allocation of the seats according to proportional allocation rules to all parties</li>
</ul>
<div>
In a previous <a href="http://www.doctorcopper.blogspot.com/2013/04/proportional-voting-systems.html">post</a> we discussed the different forms of proportional allocation rules and will no apply these to the Swiss federal council allocation. For this calculation we use the data from October 3, 2014 as published <a href="http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/Wahlbarometer-SVP-verliert-GLP-gewinnt/story/28311577">here</a>:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzxGOiWAFpdoE5VowI3Zb4AlXsmilwFn1ujUp0WDj_tOMHwKfgN1k8GL0psW-u2K2xpr8fl3-6kb5881jH7F2HAf9r4xYLwGKaWXIfmwzPWWDc_203pKU__KCr4HDnIIL4x-IrTEsYsw/s1600/Swiss+Votes.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzxGOiWAFpdoE5VowI3Zb4AlXsmilwFn1ujUp0WDj_tOMHwKfgN1k8GL0psW-u2K2xpr8fl3-6kb5881jH7F2HAf9r4xYLwGKaWXIfmwzPWWDc_203pKU__KCr4HDnIIL4x-IrTEsYsw/s1600/Swiss+Votes.png" height="266" width="400" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzxGOiWAFpdoE5VowI3Zb4AlXsmilwFn1ujUp0WDj_tOMHwKfgN1k8GL0psW-u2K2xpr8fl3-6kb5881jH7F2HAf9r4xYLwGKaWXIfmwzPWWDc_203pKU__KCr4HDnIIL4x-IrTEsYsw/s1600/Swiss+Votes.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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The parties have been allocated to left (L), center (C) and right (R) and grossed-up to 100% (the difference to 100% is made up by a dozen of small and very small party votes):<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Tn2Adf2R7VYAT6WB8vXEYhEvyt4FKf615SEEYCFrs2KI7JrLb3AKp7UN45XzNvgMAkxaS785i9f7fWw_Ma6Y6T2jwbMljgGaL6C-xcwpqmT1GHQ-TX_vq8_tFcQHfXIojowPqqiJqA/s1600/Swiss+Votes+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Tn2Adf2R7VYAT6WB8vXEYhEvyt4FKf615SEEYCFrs2KI7JrLb3AKp7UN45XzNvgMAkxaS785i9f7fWw_Ma6Y6T2jwbMljgGaL6C-xcwpqmT1GHQ-TX_vq8_tFcQHfXIojowPqqiJqA/s1600/Swiss+Votes+2.png" height="160" width="400" /></a></div>
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Note than in Swiss politics the term "liberal" has the classical liberal (say Hayekian) connotation and not the US usage for left parties.<br />
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For the quota methods all four (actually three because Droop and Hagenbach-Bischoff quota are identical because of the large number of votes) yield the same allocation of seats, 2 to the left, 2 to the center and 3 to the right, details below:<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlKjE5x_O6g33uXs6Jm7jKJkTFQtZ24ZPNwWnrshFMyvFJeBTpuqptupnNwZcebpyIqABKXcbk6Aym2elwNx1qYoCtQHCohfaXXCPsqB6jVeJWkokisCnm4a-AaPWylza4I13etCph3Q/s1600/Swiss+Votes+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlKjE5x_O6g33uXs6Jm7jKJkTFQtZ24ZPNwWnrshFMyvFJeBTpuqptupnNwZcebpyIqABKXcbk6Aym2elwNx1qYoCtQHCohfaXXCPsqB6jVeJWkokisCnm4a-AaPWylza4I13etCph3Q/s1600/Swiss+Votes+3.png" height="173" width="320" /></a></div>
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For H-B and Imperiali the seats are fully allocated without the need to use the largest remainder (actually the Imperiali quota almost results on a overallocation of seats, a well known potential problem). The the Hare quota the one unallocated seat goes to the centter where the largest remainder is highest (0.79 versus 0.11 and 0.10).<br />
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For the divisor methods the calculation results as follows, also in all cases resulting in the same allocation, 3 to the right, 2 to the center and 2 to the left.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6vEWF3XzrHCK2vfhD-TCh0OQ4zLL5NW8WKh_u5mK7w0chVy4gDj5xf4NmaRIUkDyhyphenhyphenQud0orB0zy25z8qaqePPnkYDNgSL_BmjM2DtweCcQShqaj6z78ck7C6Crhpf6bUZj42Uu-5iQ/s1600/Swiss+Votes+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6vEWF3XzrHCK2vfhD-TCh0OQ4zLL5NW8WKh_u5mK7w0chVy4gDj5xf4NmaRIUkDyhyphenhyphenQud0orB0zy25z8qaqePPnkYDNgSL_BmjM2DtweCcQShqaj6z78ck7C6Crhpf6bUZj42Uu-5iQ/s1600/Swiss+Votes+4.png" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
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We will repeat the calculation for the individual parties in a future post, in which case there will be differences between the different methods.<br />
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It should also be noted that the magic formula is a broad agreement of the large parties for proportional representation in the federal council, but specifics have never been agreed, including<br />
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<ul>
<li>voting threshold (four largest parties, 4% of votes, 5% of votes, none)</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparentment">apparentment</a> to three blocks (apparentment is typical is Swiss voting systems, but generally only for the legislative)</li>
</ul>
Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-26230046049645768292014-08-10T15:52:00.000-04:002015-01-02T11:13:01.803-03:00Comparison of Large Lotteries (Net Payout)We are comparing the payout to lottery players of six large lotteries.<br />
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroMillions">EuroMillions</a> (Europe): ticket price EUR 2.00, 50% of revenues are distributed to players, whereof 40.6% (20.3% of 100%) goes to the JP class, winnings are tax free (with the exception of Portugal, Spain and Switzerland)<br />
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurojackpot">Eurojackpot</a> (Europe): ticket price EUR 2.00, 50% of revenues are distributed to players, whereof 48.0% (24% of 100%) goes to the JP class, winnings are tax free is some countries<br />
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Millions">Mega Millions</a> (USA): ticket price USD 1.00, 50% of revenues are distributed to players, whereof 32.58% (32.58% of 100%) foes to the JP class, winnings are subject to 25% federal withholding tax and tax free in some states<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">(note that JP winnings are subject to the 35% highest marginal tax rate for ordinary income, but likely taxed at a lower rate for junior classes, for comparison sake we will assume 35% for the JP class and 15% for all other classes) </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerball">Powerball</a> (USA): ticket price USD 2.00, 50% of revenues are distributed to players, whereof 63.95% (31.98% of 100%) goes to the JP class, winnings are subject to 25% federal withholding tax and tax free in some states<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">(note that JP winnings are subject to the 35% highest marginal tax rate for ordinary income, but likely taxed at a lower rate for junior classes, for comparison sake we will assume 35% for the JP class and 15% for all other classes) </span><br />
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega-Sena">Mega Sena</a> (Brazil): ticket price BRL 2.50, 33.3% of revenues are distributed to players, whereof 62% (19.1% of 100%) goes to the JP class, tax is already incorporated as per below calculation<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">(note that the 33.3% is a weighted average of 30.8% for the two senior classes and 44.0% for the junior class, 30.8% is the result obtained by calculating 32.2% divided by 104.5% and 44% is the result of the sum of 30.8% plus 13.8% divided by 104.5%, the 13.8% represents the imputed tax on the two senior classes) </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oz_Lotto">OZ Lotto</a> (Australia): ticket price AUD 1.20, 55% of revenues are distributed to players, whereof 40.0% (24.75% of 100%) goes to the JP class, winnings are tax free<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">(60% represents the result of 5% multiplied with the ratio of 1.1 divided by 1.2 plus 55% multiplied with the ratio of 1.1 divided by 1.2, AUD 1.2 is the ticket price whereof AUD 0.1 is the sales commission) </span><br />
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This results in the following overview:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdkyW1cwxr31V9bEhxis7TJc4D3RxEV3QKMxdlP60ulvcWRHVXDPfQjZ4UzMPTymyytf4-ZZ06n8D-1E9iTBo-FH22Nb07fZa8E9OaJYdka3znm6RcPkd4yOeJ7E92svWHhSpQw-W_8A/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdkyW1cwxr31V9bEhxis7TJc4D3RxEV3QKMxdlP60ulvcWRHVXDPfQjZ4UzMPTymyytf4-ZZ06n8D-1E9iTBo-FH22Nb07fZa8E9OaJYdka3znm6RcPkd4yOeJ7E92svWHhSpQw-W_8A/s1600/Untitled.png" height="122" width="640" /></a></div>
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On an expected basis lotteries have obviously a negative value for the players, but <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/wp/2006/2006-014.pdf">apparently positive expected utilities</a>. Having said this, Australian lotteries (here Oz) come in the first place followed by the European lotteries. The US and Brazilian lotteries offer poorer value, although the very high jackpots compared to other lotteries may improve the utility.Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-973215207465575502014-07-25T17:25:00.000-04:002014-10-04T19:00:22.250-03:00Copper Price Forecasts by Cochilco (2014 Update)This is the third post in a series (<a href="http://www.doctorcopper.blogspot.com/2013/03/copper-price-forecasting-2013-update.html">2013</a>, <a href="http://doctorcopper.blogspot.com/2012/04/copper-price-forecasting.html">2012</a>) of Cochilco's copper price forecasting. Their quarterly forecasts can be found <a href="http://www.cochilco.cl/estudios/info-trimestral.asp?page=1&anio=2013&cat=2">here</a>.<br />
<br />
As in previous years we compare<br />
a) the deviation of the effective (average) copper price for a given year and and the spot price six months before the beginning of such year, with<br />
b) the Cochilco forecast for the (average) copper price for a given year made six months before the beginning of such year and and the spot price six months before the beginning of such year<br />
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As can be seen in the graph there has been less volatility and Cochilco has been able to forecast the right direction for the last four years. Additionally and as typical for forecast the magnitude of the forecast is generally significantly underestimated.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1lEA4oT06s0npBtkYejbsYENVlnzeGhUcax12XYS3yXt50X8Td88RYq0_F4KcYED7cBWKFuRaesfxq9U0suq2lyt5c7g9i1AVG92kfcdDS-9PVNUy8GEhZRLIderDZKiQBaPcL1TMFg/s1600/Cu+Forecasts.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1lEA4oT06s0npBtkYejbsYENVlnzeGhUcax12XYS3yXt50X8Td88RYq0_F4KcYED7cBWKFuRaesfxq9U0suq2lyt5c7g9i1AVG92kfcdDS-9PVNUy8GEhZRLIderDZKiQBaPcL1TMFg/s1600/Cu+Forecasts.png" height="376" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-87219896492186803162014-06-25T16:51:00.001-04:002014-06-25T16:51:55.081-04:00Country Index-itisToo many country indices out there. Just in the last few days I saw the following indices:<br />
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<a href="http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/2014%20Global%20Peace%20Index%20REPORT_0.pdf">Global Peace Index</a> (2014 version)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqupoB-GcdTeG_ASO6bu5rmoMNBK1z1L67sQ3Fj-FIhAa5OSlWz4LiAr2zJAgp1GwCw-Z38_mqSByPurgrH3Qo85Nj9m9PvZ9aqYdoMCzF8BvoLjPIfCJXWhvMzRS4Zj5aZEhEqDetlA/s1600/Peace+Index+2014.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqupoB-GcdTeG_ASO6bu5rmoMNBK1z1L67sQ3Fj-FIhAa5OSlWz4LiAr2zJAgp1GwCw-Z38_mqSByPurgrH3Qo85Nj9m9PvZ9aqYdoMCzF8BvoLjPIfCJXWhvMzRS4Zj5aZEhEqDetlA/s1600/Peace+Index+2014.png" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.goodcountry.org/">Good Country Index</a> (2014, table from the <a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2014/06/daily-chart-18">Economist</a>)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-4G9r8YDHNOwwkk_uul4OSWNWidDSh1PtHqm2tM5UnKa-3qIeTg_TMkDOnxJMomP06Pqrz1pKbY25qqUYeo90nzQiKZOBbJSti7JfhZE_4psoFRayn5S2rSngMT6RRr-t5ksszob-vw/s1600/Good+Country+Index+2014.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-4G9r8YDHNOwwkk_uul4OSWNWidDSh1PtHqm2tM5UnKa-3qIeTg_TMkDOnxJMomP06Pqrz1pKbY25qqUYeo90nzQiKZOBbJSti7JfhZE_4psoFRayn5S2rSngMT6RRr-t5ksszob-vw/s1600/Good+Country+Index+2014.png" /></a></div>
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I´m questioning whether these indices have any real uses.<br />
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Separately, it seems they all end up with the same results with the Scandinavian countries, Switzerland and Canada/Australia/New Zealand in the top 10.Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-44251896125950685162014-06-10T13:54:00.000-04:002014-06-25T16:53:30.776-04:00Patent Registration by Latin American Inventors and Applicants - Follow-upIn an earlier <a href="http://patent%20registration%20by%20latin%20american%20inventors%20and%20applicants/">post,</a> we looked at patent registrations by Latin American investors and applicants. Earlier this week there was an <a href="http://impresa.elmercurio.com/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?dt=2014-06-02&NewsID=232108&dtB=05-06-2014%200:00:00&BodyID=2&PaginaId=10">article</a> in one oh Chile´s leading newspapers (<a href="http://www.elmercurio.com/">El Mercurio</a>) analying the same topic. While the results are broadly consistent, details differ substantially. Our assumption is that the main reason for the differences are the use of a different database: <a href="http://www.epo.org/">EPO</a> in our case, <a href="http://www.inapi.cl/">INAPI</a> (Instituto Nacional de Propiedad Industrial, the Chilean patent office) in the case of "El Mercurio".<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhABBSaeloAqBzFUqIxV3mDGPVNDv_Za2jHp7nnC6Ops_a-_-EtaJVu1Exem3LsX6ukSCtPwhTYHHaabw4wGTTsMC7OE0JN1UTcdIPexucllpOupVBmedMdIk-UN3_QvOu88ya_TIbQCw/s1600/Mercurio.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhABBSaeloAqBzFUqIxV3mDGPVNDv_Za2jHp7nnC6Ops_a-_-EtaJVu1Exem3LsX6ukSCtPwhTYHHaabw4wGTTsMC7OE0JN1UTcdIPexucllpOupVBmedMdIk-UN3_QvOu88ya_TIbQCw/s1600/Mercurio.png" height="294" width="640" /></a></div>
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We will only provide an update of the EPO numbers in the beginning of 2015.Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-64251519956131565962014-04-25T14:11:00.000-03:002014-05-16T14:13:57.168-04:00World´s Largest Container Fleets<a href="http://www.alphaliner.com/">Alphaliner</a> publishes a <a href="http://www.alphaliner.com/top100/">list of the largest container fleets</a>. The top 10 fleets are are follows. The three largest fleets are from Denmark, Switzerland and France respectively. 5 of the top 10 are Asian operators, 4 European and 1 US. <a href="http://www.csav.com/en/Pages/Home.aspx">CSAV</a> from Chile used to be in the top 10, but has over the years dropped to the 20th position and <a href="http://www.csav.com/en/News/Pages/Merger.aspx">has just agreed to merge with Hapag-Lloyd</a>.<br />
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<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-22254802522267214972014-04-10T21:47:00.000-03:002014-11-05T16:10:10.547-03:00Nuclear Threat Index (NTI) - 2014The Nuclear Threat Index is published by the <a href="http://ntiindex.org/">NTI (Nuclear Threat Initiative)</a>. The index data for 2014 can be downloaded <a href="http://ntiindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/2014-NTI-Index-Data.zip">here</a>.<br />
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For the 25 countries with nuclear material, the results are as follows (light green highest score = Australia followed by Canada and Switzerland, red lowest score North Korea followed by Iran and India).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8R3v6D9TaznRr0gZetpP2GJoNwOqU_CP5o7V4RRB9X61vhuYn2D_0H9ilN9kP_2QkAP9mE0Hb4-xpyJka0iiObJVx3LqJ7RTNwrkE0-yNhs2ZN7pFBqi1Nu5JyHPvkOX1vD7E6zEDqw/s1600/Nuclear+Threat+Index.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8R3v6D9TaznRr0gZetpP2GJoNwOqU_CP5o7V4RRB9X61vhuYn2D_0H9ilN9kP_2QkAP9mE0Hb4-xpyJka0iiObJVx3LqJ7RTNwrkE0-yNhs2ZN7pFBqi1Nu5JyHPvkOX1vD7E6zEDqw/s1600/Nuclear+Threat+Index.png" height="296" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-48202440648683297762014-03-25T14:19:00.000-03:002014-10-04T19:04:53.762-03:00Correlation of Economic Growth with Population GrowthIt is trivial that population growth and economic growth are (strongly) correlated. We wanted to reconfirm this relationship with actual data and also analyze the more crucial question how population growth and per capita economic growth are related.<br />
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Results significantly depend on the choice of countries and reference period (for measuring economic growth and population growth).<br />
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We decided to use the data from the Credit Suisse's research Institute, <a href="https://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/?fileID=0E0A3525-EA60-2750-71CE20B5D14A7818">namely the Credit Suisse Global Investment Returns Yearbook 2014</a> (actually panning a second post to verify Piketty´s r>g claims).<br />
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Credit Suisse data is for the period 1900-2013 and itself based on <a href="http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/home.htm">Maddison</a> (which we had previously used). Obviously there is significant uncertainty with regard to concept of economic growth in the early part of the 20th century (Kuznets' initial calculation for the US were made in 1937).<br />
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The data for the 21 countries in the data set looks as follows:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRs5dl1irf1IQWF8OWe3h3VBAkDuBrypUFgKZzu61lRZMTRw4yk7n6rknp7HTM4-StVDNua1pRwDon_GPqa3jhmtq8jd9WFpwkvlsDlsttfG2980ryT-m7cAoz25BP9C0QVtAtQZ2E3w/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRs5dl1irf1IQWF8OWe3h3VBAkDuBrypUFgKZzu61lRZMTRw4yk7n6rknp7HTM4-StVDNua1pRwDon_GPqa3jhmtq8jd9WFpwkvlsDlsttfG2980ryT-m7cAoz25BP9C0QVtAtQZ2E3w/s1600/Untitled.png" height="640" width="452" /></a></div>
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And the followoing correlation matrix confirms:<br />
- positive correlation between population growth and GDP growth (correlation coefficient of 0.65)<br />
- negative correlation between population growth and GDP growth per capita (correlation coefficient of -0.45)<br />
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Usual caveat: correlation is not causation and if there is causation we don't which way the causation runs<br />
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Nevertheless, the results seem to explain why elites favor population growth while the population is more ambivalent.<br />
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<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-49666582574449627312014-03-10T13:50:00.000-03:002014-05-16T13:52:39.666-04:00World´s Smartest CitiesThe <a href="http://www.iese.edu/">IESE</a> publishes an annual ranking of the world´s smartest cities. Here are the top 10 cities with their respective ranks in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Tokyo, London and New York are top 3. Switzerland has 3, Japan 2 countries in the top 10. Santiago de Chile is only ranked #83 (although ranked first in Latin America).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwIXqpEIj5F3Mtn08ZtC9CgWKoUKfXY1LFDmw9wgK14bq9Enj0s35ngjVJNYy32ocfYK5iPKF4zH9ipQhephlT02ioro_6UcS0wxFCC0kA8rUZVhb1F2QOosg24dEwZqVR_Q2qSq3WUA/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwIXqpEIj5F3Mtn08ZtC9CgWKoUKfXY1LFDmw9wgK14bq9Enj0s35ngjVJNYy32ocfYK5iPKF4zH9ipQhephlT02ioro_6UcS0wxFCC0kA8rUZVhb1F2QOosg24dEwZqVR_Q2qSq3WUA/s1600/Untitled.png" height="237" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-21341850908598123932014-02-25T16:27:00.000-03:002014-05-16T13:51:54.651-04:00Supercomputer Ranking and DensityTop 500 Supercomputer Sites publishes a cool overview of the 500 most powerful (measured in Terra Flops) worldwide.<br />
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Here are the top 10 with five computers from the US, two from Germany and one each from China, Japan and Switzerland.<br />
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Looking at the whole list (500 super computers) the country distribution is as follows with the US dominating followed by China and Japan.<br />
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An a per capita basis, the US is still leading followed by Switzerland and Norway. The relatively low density of Germany and Japan may be surprising.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyoMIvQ8mWP_W8uUDDs2FhLjZ_0ZPRoIP8Oy0rvoG-LHA3c4fyGxjUg1O51G8vM6EwbwlUcippEkNXh0adpUTEVqtxH9C5tP5-7B7MFMfqjwTB4DMMztPsVjgHmqOVSCkJ6cilks3I9A/s1600/Supercomputer+Map.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyoMIvQ8mWP_W8uUDDs2FhLjZ_0ZPRoIP8Oy0rvoG-LHA3c4fyGxjUg1O51G8vM6EwbwlUcippEkNXh0adpUTEVqtxH9C5tP5-7B7MFMfqjwTB4DMMztPsVjgHmqOVSCkJ6cilks3I9A/s1600/Supercomputer+Map.png" height="296" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-49891738465622032392014-02-10T14:31:00.000-03:002014-05-16T13:51:33.177-04:00Patent Registration by Latin American Inventors and ApplicantsThe <a href="http://www.epo.org/">European Patent Office</a> allows to <a href="http://worldwide.espacenet.com/advancedSearch?locale=en_EP">search</a> patent filing by a number of criteria, including country of inventor and applicant, publication data and classification (the search is for worldwide patent offices).<br />
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The following provides ans overview of Latin American (plus Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, French Guiana, Guayana and Suriname) countries in comparison with Spain and Portugal. Both the absolute number of filings and the filings per capita are shown (the data is shown for 2013 and the criteria was that at least one of the applicants and one of the inventors came from the respective country):<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj-lkESU57gOj0dPJAHn8efG86YJvMANfMPj_yvn24TagfwZ5DySbqnOETcnzTGOdls1EADGU11e5_qBXxrp1LbvDFa_tweZuK0TZkFE5HbZSPS7OvHkG_EE0_cKOPUgZObrTBHh2vqw/s1600/Table.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj-lkESU57gOj0dPJAHn8efG86YJvMANfMPj_yvn24TagfwZ5DySbqnOETcnzTGOdls1EADGU11e5_qBXxrp1LbvDFa_tweZuK0TZkFE5HbZSPS7OvHkG_EE0_cKOPUgZObrTBHh2vqw/s1600/Table.png" height="400" width="291" /></a></div>
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The leading country is Uruguay followed by Chile and Trinidad & Tobago. Compared to Portugal and especially Spain, there is still significant catching-up to do in Latin America (noting the Portugal and Spain also have a relatively low patent rate compared to the leading countries). The same information is shown graphically:<br />
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For Chile the development since 1990 has been as follows (significant increase since around 2000):<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGTXQTeaVa6B6aeJi_4qMpZ14UKr8uAGi2ndCIAjN33KFsbSE_5sp2sjnI8sJwOxRmJI9wcmVQ118002EfJ_5Pud-7KUtkzAhw6YpTdcLNM_2PXsedz4d1oGpjJq-fYI0DWh5RgMtQJg/s1600/Chart1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGTXQTeaVa6B6aeJi_4qMpZ14UKr8uAGi2ndCIAjN33KFsbSE_5sp2sjnI8sJwOxRmJI9wcmVQ118002EfJ_5Pud-7KUtkzAhw6YpTdcLNM_2PXsedz4d1oGpjJq-fYI0DWh5RgMtQJg/s1600/Chart1.png" height="232" width="400" /></a></div>
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In terms of categories the distribution is as follows:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikB7VwSqg2rkYMLCFKGmgWQMXUuQkDxBpLOeoPFe2CxsigMA870GYxq9i66fcmovyMcvQngDrBlvDzx_3m8nr3OyzTKVF2ajQtM-5DNFIYDfo3sKm6P4QLJa8pDddrCjAFz18ofzweIQ/s1600/Chart2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikB7VwSqg2rkYMLCFKGmgWQMXUuQkDxBpLOeoPFe2CxsigMA870GYxq9i66fcmovyMcvQngDrBlvDzx_3m8nr3OyzTKVF2ajQtM-5DNFIYDfo3sKm6P4QLJa8pDddrCjAFz18ofzweIQ/s1600/Chart2.png" height="400" width="368" /></a></div>
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<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-51540735016842600902014-01-25T13:13:00.000-03:002014-02-11T13:15:53.123-03:00Luxury Car Density (2014 Update)The following provides an update to an analysis we made in 2012, looking at the luxury car density across countries, posted <a href="http://www.doctorcopper.blogspot.com/2012/09/luxury-car-ownership-per-capita-1-of-2.html">here</a> and <a href="http://www.doctorcopper.blogspot.com/2012/10/luxury-car-ownership-per-capita-2-of-2.html">here</a>.<br />
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Again we looked at the number of listings on the <a href="http://www.ooyyonetwork.com/">OOYYO Network</a>. This time we reduced the brands included only six main brands from Italy (Ferrari, Lamborghini and Maserati) and UK (Aston Martin, Bentley and Rolls Royce).<br />
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The density calculated as the listings on the site for the referenced brands divided by the total listings looks as follows (see map and table). The observations made in 2012 are repeated:<br />
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<li>very high densities for Luxembourg, Switzerland and Singapore</li>
<li>high rates for UK and Italy</li>
<li>medium-high rates for Western Europe, Sweden and Canada</li>
<li>medium-low rates for Scandinavia (ex Sweden), US, Australia and New Zealand</li>
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Outliers include Lithuania, Malaysia, Slovakia and Nigeria. Note the some of these outliers might be driven by the fact that the density relative to all offered car is shown (<u>and not per capita</u>).</div>
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Without further comments, the map looks as follows:</div>
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And here the data table:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvb-EJ7FTJtCOm7C44qJyG85dZuKdbd_xQVfZ6SNpHZRxrU6lUG-Q-jXmPFDAgfpYlsVUn2yLZuww-75QilW81FEs01YrVJcZV-bFco7I_a9klmmyKHkYQ0Fd9H8_8iSfbqLRhyphenhyphenuafwQ/s1600/Luxury+Car+Density+Table.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvb-EJ7FTJtCOm7C44qJyG85dZuKdbd_xQVfZ6SNpHZRxrU6lUG-Q-jXmPFDAgfpYlsVUn2yLZuww-75QilW81FEs01YrVJcZV-bFco7I_a9klmmyKHkYQ0Fd9H8_8iSfbqLRhyphenhyphenuafwQ/s1600/Luxury+Car+Density+Table.png" height="640" width="119" /></a></div>
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Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-10332370757545114332014-01-10T16:32:00.000-03:002014-11-05T16:34:36.646-03:00Preferred PodcastsThe following provides an overview of my favourite podcast (in English and German):<br />
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<li><a href="http://www.dancarlin.com/common-sense-home-landing-page/">Common Sense with Dan Carlin</a> (US)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.dancarlin.com/hardcore-history-series/">Dan Carlin's Hardcore History</a> (US)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/docarchive">BBC Documentaries</a> (UK)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.srf.ch/sendungen/echo-der-zeit">SRF Echo der Zeit </a>(Switzerland)</li>
<li>Economist: Editor's Pick (UK)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.econtalk.org/">EconTalk </a>(US)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.srf.ch/sendungen/international">SRF International</a> (Switzerland)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/moreorless">BBC More or Less: Behind the Stats</a> (UK)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/podcast/">Nature Podcast</a> (UK)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/">NPR Planet Money</a> (US)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.npr.org/rss/podcast/podcast_detail.php?siteId=151446218">NPR TED Radio Hour</a> (US)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.srf.ch/sendungen/trend">SFR Trend</a> (Switzerland)</li>
<li><a href="http://podcast.ft.com/s/45">FT World Weekly</a> (UK)</li>
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So far I have not encountered a podcast in Italian, Spanish or French which I found worth listening too (only referring to languages I would be able to understand).</div>
Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-11218690841969698202013-12-25T19:54:00.000-03:002014-01-07T20:05:16.190-03:00Voter Turnout Chile - 2013 UpdateWe had covered in a <a href="http://www.doctorcopper.blogspot.com/2012/10/voter-turnout-chile-1870-to-2012.html">previous post</a> the development of voter turnout in Chile since 1870. In this post we update the time series to include the recent elections.<br />
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First we have update the population time series from <a href="http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/familias/demograficas_vitales.php">INE</a> and calculated the voting age population as 40% of the 15-19 age band plus all the age band 20+. The result is graphically depicted as follows:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGu-begap6wtS-CPro7kCY_lVa0gdx9gI2Ajl0ptP30cA7GTilRSttlTO7VVyhTsAeUO_vXpZuPwliabvHokKED5zbKVB9I1gksoAyjS3Q40qNvW9TV7YBbyBCYDDQl6CGQ0kNxmkSfQ/s1600/Voting+Age+Population.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGu-begap6wtS-CPro7kCY_lVa0gdx9gI2Ajl0ptP30cA7GTilRSttlTO7VVyhTsAeUO_vXpZuPwliabvHokKED5zbKVB9I1gksoAyjS3Q40qNvW9TV7YBbyBCYDDQl6CGQ0kNxmkSfQ/s1600/Voting+Age+Population.png" /></a><br />
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The ratio of the voting age population as a percentage of total population has increased from 64% in 1990 to 74% in 2013 and is expected to further increase at a somewhat reduced pace to 76% in 2020. It should be noted that the voting age population is not identical with the population permitted to vote as some segment of the voting age population (foreigner with less than five year of residency, persons with criminal records of certain characteristics etc) are not allowed to vote.<br />
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Separately, it is well known that the Servel voting registry is inflated and that the Census data contradicts the INE projection. We will come back to this in a future post.<br />
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Below updated table of (i) population, (ii) voting age population, (iii) votes and (iv) valid votes since 1870. The sources have all been disclosed in the <a href="http://www.doctorcopper.blogspot.com/2012/10/voter-turnout-chile-1870-to-2012.html">earlier post</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0HwqmixdNR6_Vv4jpvka0D1pBPq276MONhWUyvu_3tITbn4X2jYAh7QSfHIUy4LRZgU5eGAWY6-jCaHuPaZezeSyXhhaAUiG5y0ITQsAoeS-4aRPiZbvj-uFPLxolTkDRjBUIyQrC-w/s1600/Table.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0HwqmixdNR6_Vv4jpvka0D1pBPq276MONhWUyvu_3tITbn4X2jYAh7QSfHIUy4LRZgU5eGAWY6-jCaHuPaZezeSyXhhaAUiG5y0ITQsAoeS-4aRPiZbvj-uFPLxolTkDRjBUIyQrC-w/s1600/Table.png" /></a><br />
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And the voter turnout in graphical format.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVWZPsgCz6L7uFeqNkHG3T_0ORzeW1ewcflpuzwpNBSIUjR4RFTb9b8vPRNNURtPXIOJ4i1a7zKARZPXGwYfiFZX3zOKLu8gbYm-wpvsKyHWxn_XcCGOTChHe-71LvWIJGgSJfay8sw/s1600/Graph.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVWZPsgCz6L7uFeqNkHG3T_0ORzeW1ewcflpuzwpNBSIUjR4RFTb9b8vPRNNURtPXIOJ4i1a7zKARZPXGwYfiFZX3zOKLu8gbYm-wpvsKyHWxn_XcCGOTChHe-71LvWIJGgSJfay8sw/s1600/Graph.png" /></a></div>
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Especially the first round of the presidential election seems to be in line with the previous compulsory voting record.<br />
<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-28933907905137049892013-12-10T13:38:00.000-03:002014-02-11T13:38:21.764-03:00Impact of 1930´s depression on Chile´s EconomyJust re-read a chapter of Reinhart & Rogoff´s <a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0691152640?tag=studofdoctcop-20&camp=14573&creative=327641&linkCode=as1&creativeASIN=0691152640&adid=1950YQ3APJVV480RBVZ1&&ref-refURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doctorcopper.blogspot.com%2F">"This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly"</a> (obviously I´m aware of the calculation errors, in my view it is still a tremendously valuable book).<br />
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The following graph (on page 267) describes the collapse of exports 1929 -1932. From a Chilean perspective the magnitude of the drop is particularly impressive.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtVDRLeFf90UiFW4Bi-Y2QLFzTe0pnPwoTMcxf7TWFNmfOfWWLIIN1LIbdxUH8EXN99JKg9WX_URx4s5U1AcE4qTu2BLHOe0n6i5Tt2zXPsDAGtAaEDquUXvbhhAwshjKQYA_O9jYQYA/s1600/Doc019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtVDRLeFf90UiFW4Bi-Y2QLFzTe0pnPwoTMcxf7TWFNmfOfWWLIIN1LIbdxUH8EXN99JKg9WX_URx4s5U1AcE4qTu2BLHOe0n6i5Tt2zXPsDAGtAaEDquUXvbhhAwshjKQYA_O9jYQYA/s1600/Doc019.jpg" height="640" width="392" /></a></div>
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Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-30590274651405295292013-11-10T20:01:00.000-03:002014-01-09T21:37:36.755-03:00Male/Female Ratio for Major CountriesFor major countries, the total population and the male/female ratio has been obtained from UN´s: <a href="http://esa.un.org/wpp/Documentation/pdf/WPP2012_%20KEY%20FINDINGS.pdf">World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision </a>(dated 2013)<br />
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Major countries has been somewhat arbitrarily defined as:<br />
- G20 member<br />
- OECD member above 5 million population<br />
- UN member abover 50 million<br />
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Graphically depicted this look as follows (red female surplus, blue make surplus):<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ZKclI_ufZmCNRTEg5GXZoxMal9Af8JQlvzHwnO_qoj2XsEQqR-NxsLOaJxzJkOhsj-PDnsuDep_3EqC4AsYHp-QyfvHYrlEMbKJQXZzr8T-Dyr-jWco4uxOkcQDBRA1OgH_Li16ZFQ/s1600/Graph+MF+Ratio.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ZKclI_ufZmCNRTEg5GXZoxMal9Af8JQlvzHwnO_qoj2XsEQqR-NxsLOaJxzJkOhsj-PDnsuDep_3EqC4AsYHp-QyfvHYrlEMbKJQXZzr8T-Dyr-jWco4uxOkcQDBRA1OgH_Li16ZFQ/s1600/Graph+MF+Ratio.png" height="296" width="640" /></a></div>
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The corresponding data in table format:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwBc1TJa32kuZBUvVfi4D3Wa05VWbJ6N_jneVpdY7cWbQtd3HOqpNkvv0VuyRONGAPNyymUnVjtQk954NTZCAhTy7bhxGmROUdcnjQdSt03FHSc7h_K819-xQxp49ZUBtGMMimXOiuog/s1600/Table+MF+Ratio.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwBc1TJa32kuZBUvVfi4D3Wa05VWbJ6N_jneVpdY7cWbQtd3HOqpNkvv0VuyRONGAPNyymUnVjtQk954NTZCAhTy7bhxGmROUdcnjQdSt03FHSc7h_K819-xQxp49ZUBtGMMimXOiuog/s1600/Table+MF+Ratio.png" height="640" width="300" /></a></div>
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<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-78673588138467367162013-10-25T19:54:00.000-03:002014-10-04T19:05:21.829-03:00Copper Aluminium Price RatioWe had looked at the copper to aluminium price ratio <a href="http://www.doctorcopper.blogspot.com/2012/08/copper-to-aluminium-price-ratio.html">earlier</a> and noted that it had reached a historical maximum. Interestingly the price ratio has more or less less stayed above 4 and recently even moved to 4.3 as can be seen in the following graph. The data has been obtained from <a href="http://www.quandl.com/OFDP/COPPER_6-Copper-Price-Cash">OFDP</a> (Open Financial Data Project).<br />
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Admittedly, this price development has not been in line with our expectations.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGAeMmqPAq44NIn6RVZXRdm76HMfAk8HE9UqLFqQXNdx_5bWxNHdSSPshcerPIuqoi6oQxZKBBWRErLAVKDUTgWe0axJZYhsvf-1fKCpJ9rXowPp39Ic1h6t4qF1ByHNC7DdeJUClndQ/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGAeMmqPAq44NIn6RVZXRdm76HMfAk8HE9UqLFqQXNdx_5bWxNHdSSPshcerPIuqoi6oQxZKBBWRErLAVKDUTgWe0axJZYhsvf-1fKCpJ9rXowPp39Ic1h6t4qF1ByHNC7DdeJUClndQ/s1600/Untitled.png" height="420" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-25482545035741445392013-08-25T13:28:00.000-04:002014-10-04T14:17:38.211-03:00Proportional Voting SystemsThere are a handful of different proportional voting and allocation systems, specifically<br />
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The Hare Niemayer or Vinton is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largest_remainder_method">largest remainder method</a>, which is sometimes generalized with the use of different quotas:</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The largest remainder method requires the numbers of votes for each party to be divided by a quota representing the number of votes required for a seat (i.e. usually the total number of votes cast divided by the number of seats, or some similar formula). The result for each party will usually consist of an integer part plus a fractional remainder. Each party is first allocated a number of seats equal to their integer. This will generally leave some seats unallocated: the parties are then ranked on the basis of the fractional remainders, and the parties with the largest remainders are each allocated one additional seat until all the seats have been allocated. This gives the method its name.</span></blockquote>
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Hare quota (also called Hamilton): votes/seats </div>
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Droop quota: 1+votes/(1+seats)</div>
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The quota-method can also be used in an iterative approach, which mostly yields in the same result. An other alternative is too allocate all unallocated seats to the largest party.</div>
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The highest quotient and highest averages methods is defined as follows:</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The highest averages method requires the number of votes for each party to be divided successively by a series of divisors. This produces a table of quotients, or averages, with a row for each divisor and a column for each party. The n'th seat is allocated to the party whose column contains the n'th largest entry in this table, up to the total number of seats available</span></blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaLDEWUYAtbRiG4qOLlxNCTgyBL2vsgx5nxinuPWXK2SXJVFCHnr5dlfwPtIN1Gc5P1prsec_F6ODxB-M2Issr1iBZT0VTuDd_EfKFlteYVKyC_r9LwwnTSKv_k9q0bNmCG6Q5-qMLjg/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaLDEWUYAtbRiG4qOLlxNCTgyBL2vsgx5nxinuPWXK2SXJVFCHnr5dlfwPtIN1Gc5P1prsec_F6ODxB-M2Issr1iBZT0VTuDd_EfKFlteYVKyC_r9LwwnTSKv_k9q0bNmCG6Q5-qMLjg/s1600/Untitled.png" /></a></div>
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Generally <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Hondt_method">D`Hondt</a> (round-down) favours large parties while <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams-Verfahren">Adams</a> (round-up) favours smaller parties while <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Lagu%C3%AB_method">Sainte-Lague</a> (artithmetic avergae), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington%E2%80%93Hill_method">Hill Huntington</a> (geometric mean) and <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean-Verfahren">Dean</a> (harmonic mean) or generally almost identical in their outcome.</div>
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In a future post we will look at the actual implications.</div>
Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-5620397924895050022013-08-10T16:31:00.000-04:002014-03-08T18:21:59.141-03:00Net International Investment Position (NIIP) 2011The Net International Investment Position data for 2011 was retrieved from the <a href="http://imfstatext.imf.org/WBOS-query/Index.aspx?QueryId=6325">IMF</a>.<br />
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All countries with a (either positive or negative) balance larger than USD 100 billion are shown graphically:<br />
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Positive balance countries (data in USD billion). Top 5 are Japan, China, Germany, Switzerland and Hong Kong.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj30-ieEGYNW7tc_2jKqOF74g9bePvbJOT-QOhrGcmcciYO06GEnBmsib6V80Zypj0_KMbto6xasvkcJlAknh3A4vpjDvAZaU7e_3gu5tc0pL0VIJ9tboMPXPQk6X4UPhRgM0lcljlKtQ/s1600/Top.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj30-ieEGYNW7tc_2jKqOF74g9bePvbJOT-QOhrGcmcciYO06GEnBmsib6V80Zypj0_KMbto6xasvkcJlAknh3A4vpjDvAZaU7e_3gu5tc0pL0VIJ9tboMPXPQk6X4UPhRgM0lcljlKtQ/s1600/Top.png" height="297" width="640" /></a></div>
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Negative balance countries (data in USD billion). Bottom 5 are United States, Spain, Australia, Brazil, Italy (surprising to see commodity exporters like Australia and Brazil with such negative balances).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP1YHG0EErxuSZiBDghMhBoSc2MHO6sb7AKN5lFBaKLlw4n2kMD1HroGedPmv7D5mbFNf2D7uVEU16WiDTVo8WMp7OFyqpg3uRmzRdUT520FjtsRH8Wz5sK28bo68P__sYcwBh5SeeNg/s1600/Bottom.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP1YHG0EErxuSZiBDghMhBoSc2MHO6sb7AKN5lFBaKLlw4n2kMD1HroGedPmv7D5mbFNf2D7uVEU16WiDTVo8WMp7OFyqpg3uRmzRdUT520FjtsRH8Wz5sK28bo68P__sYcwBh5SeeNg/s1600/Bottom.png" height="384" width="640" /></a></div>
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Complete table (data in USD billion). The data is not consistent in itself as the total is about USD 1.5 trillion negative (a number of countries have no data but it is highly unlikely that they would add USD 1.5 trillion).<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdP8jKMTZqtRXchfg8xB2WkoyJnErNrDf-kaWjySDZlYBTTbeTHGZgwb0mavb2YByEXAYdmT4MOFiNPYfz_KHC_3MRjSTufyZZAUpRUk7oRvozRVxZ_IOagxowrVZPs-JkJeQquNdlLw/s1600/Table.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdP8jKMTZqtRXchfg8xB2WkoyJnErNrDf-kaWjySDZlYBTTbeTHGZgwb0mavb2YByEXAYdmT4MOFiNPYfz_KHC_3MRjSTufyZZAUpRUk7oRvozRVxZ_IOagxowrVZPs-JkJeQquNdlLw/s1600/Table.png" /></a><br />
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PS Chile has a balance of negative 24 billion.Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-24045683942588394372013-07-25T18:11:00.000-04:002014-01-09T21:39:47.843-03:00Employment Population Ratio 15-64 for OECD and BRICS countriesWe have retrieved the employment participation rate from the <a href="http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=LFS_SEXAGE_I_R">OECD site</a> and plotted the following five graphs:<br />
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<li>Ranking of countries (all OECD countries with more than 5 million population plus BRICS) by total employment to population rate (15-64 age cohort) in 2011</li>
<li>Ranking of countries by male employment to population rate (15-64 age cohort) in 2011</li>
<li>Ranking of countries by female employment to population rate (15-64 age cohort) in 2011</li>
<li>Ranking of countries by difference of male to female employment to population rate (15-64 age cohort) in 2011</li>
<li>Change of employment to population rate (15-64 age cohort) between 2011 and 2001 (data for India is not available)</li>
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Large (more than 50 million population) OECD countries are colored green, medium (5 to 50 million population) blue and BRICS countries red. Countries are shown with their two digit <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2">ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZe3L77KRZ6MHdhbr2au184z9-Ex-kHhegnTnrNdTF80ECKsWiOSRDZ4vdbTuYvBjqc7V4whAi7krUf9-aetzlwLbHH6EQqhc79QRDPGIeSEbj3YbaldybpU-7QLWp1AZ91i-B2DbcVA/s1600/Total.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZe3L77KRZ6MHdhbr2au184z9-Ex-kHhegnTnrNdTF80ECKsWiOSRDZ4vdbTuYvBjqc7V4whAi7krUf9-aetzlwLbHH6EQqhc79QRDPGIeSEbj3YbaldybpU-7QLWp1AZ91i-B2DbcVA/s1600/Total.png" height="640" width="378" /></a></div>
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Top 3: Switzerland, China, Netherlands</div>
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Bottom 3: South Africa, Turkey, India</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfbHvYO-1wB_eZLMxBOB8tdTfxdwP29e6ZAxQpejjTQYG4VLiXVHy3riAgDA-rhLI5vHrUn5wWnvrtKtG2zTpVhkyFUrOrbDw2ryATjGXEQnGkIOW3kX8-wql-OBFUQJJWnmwx0c1P1A/s1600/Male.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfbHvYO-1wB_eZLMxBOB8tdTfxdwP29e6ZAxQpejjTQYG4VLiXVHy3riAgDA-rhLI5vHrUn5wWnvrtKtG2zTpVhkyFUrOrbDw2ryATjGXEQnGkIOW3kX8-wql-OBFUQJJWnmwx0c1P1A/s1600/Male.png" height="640" width="378" /></a></div>
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Top 3: Switzerland, China, Japan</div>
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Bottom 3: South Africa, Hungary, Spain</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrnQ5lPoX96tRKNw8PIdW-tTgmXZHRyuJDtu-sCHOBwAI15MDCoiNqvQnxg0bNUmcJnxgBZnN6ezlbJ3TCyJqlcBeFcaOSVtqn_OAIaZMN9GkcwfiUdjb5FlwoOPEdMPgZkjhyphenhyphen0btm4A/s1600/Female.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrnQ5lPoX96tRKNw8PIdW-tTgmXZHRyuJDtu-sCHOBwAI15MDCoiNqvQnxg0bNUmcJnxgBZnN6ezlbJ3TCyJqlcBeFcaOSVtqn_OAIaZMN9GkcwfiUdjb5FlwoOPEdMPgZkjhyphenhyphen0btm4A/s1600/Female.png" height="640" width="378" /></a></div>
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Top 3: Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark</div>
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Bottom 3: Turkey, India, South Africa</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3iQ5g6a_dhXkWhE9mamgUX4gytVOayCPqvhrkz0_hwtp7ZN-RIRDG7AP-9B-SQ7SuO62VQjKFLsUUOtnM25wiIS_6l3Cvje_QvZaeUAaXmhfOpXZp3ok-b-OCtqT1RxrKei-59KwTMw/s1600/Gender+Gap.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3iQ5g6a_dhXkWhE9mamgUX4gytVOayCPqvhrkz0_hwtp7ZN-RIRDG7AP-9B-SQ7SuO62VQjKFLsUUOtnM25wiIS_6l3Cvje_QvZaeUAaXmhfOpXZp3ok-b-OCtqT1RxrKei-59KwTMw/s1600/Gender+Gap.png" height="640" width="378" /></a></div>
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Top 3: Finland, Sweden, Denmark</div>
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Bottom 3: India, Turkey, Mexico</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC4_zyjKwZVH0NbFm9_sHZ2YVHotx47vexNI8pKHmcrO3YYF5P1qVPU9ijUlFLRfqdHXem6VCYko143VIcleDuk2CwjCH4_t3WS8_rkM2A2c-7J-_BAnkt4-XXGq0_ROoOcPaYgG2N-w/s1600/Change.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC4_zyjKwZVH0NbFm9_sHZ2YVHotx47vexNI8pKHmcrO3YYF5P1qVPU9ijUlFLRfqdHXem6VCYko143VIcleDuk2CwjCH4_t3WS8_rkM2A2c-7J-_BAnkt4-XXGq0_ROoOcPaYgG2N-w/s1600/Change.png" height="640" width="378" /></a></div>
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Top 3: Chile, Germany, Poland</div>
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<li>Switzerland with highest employment to population to population ratios by a wide margin also for females</li>
<li>Hardly any change in terms of employment to population ratio in Greece or Spain during the last ten years</li>
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From Chile´s perspective it is nice to see big improvement in the last ten year, but still much to be done with current ranked in the third quartile in terms of male employment and bottom quartile regarding female employment.</div>
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Finally a word of caution: employment data is normally survey based and significant differences with other data sources (say social security) are likely.</div>
Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49429371230804057.post-66981168113778553612013-07-10T12:57:00.000-04:002014-01-09T21:38:53.166-03:00Business EnglishFollowing a <a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/johnson/2013/04/business-english">blog post </a>in the Economist, I stumbled across <a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/johnson/2012/10/language-skills">another post</a> from the same publication and finally came across an <a href="http://www.ef-chile.cl/__/~/media/efcom/epi/2012/full_reports/ef-epi-2012-report-es-lr">EF publication</a> which compares English proficiency across many countries. Results are in line with expectation with Scandinavia ranked very high (including the Dutch as honorary Scandinavians) and Central Eastern Europe as high (including also Singapore and Malaysia). Chile is not doing very well, I must say, with very low English proficiency (ranked 39 out of 54).<br />
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<br />Student of Dr. Copperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02185557638737301801noreply@blogger.com0